September 2026 Vol. 126, No. 9

Concussions are some of the most common sports-related injuries in US high school athletes, yet concussions have a wide range of symptoms and stigma that lead to underreporting of symptoms to healthcare professionals and coaches. Previous studies have linked sleep disturbances to increased head injury risk in collegiate athletes, but less is known about this relationship in younger populations. With thousands of high school athletes sustaining concussions annually, this study aimed to explore associations between sleep quantity/quality and concussion history in high school athletes and if these vary by sex or other sociodemographic factors.

Severe asthma affects 3–10 % of all asthma patients but accounts for disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. These patients tend to experience more frequent hospitalization compared to mild-to-moderate controlled asthmatics or the general population. Despite optimized inhaler therapy, many patients experience persistent symptoms and impaired lung function. Biologics targeting type-2 inflammation, including benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab, have emerged as add-on treatments that improve lung function and quality of life. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab in adults with severe asthma.