The definition of an osteopathic physician trained in the United States
Regina K. Fleming, DO; Rebecca E. Giusti, DO; Karen T. Snider, DO, MS, FAAO, FNAOME; Garren P. Gebhardt, DO; Ryan Seals, DO; Barbara Zajdel, DO, FAAO; and Kurt Heinking, DO, FAAO
Notes and Affiliations
Notes and Affiliations
Received: July 31, 2025
Accepted: April 28, 2026
Published: May 25, 2026
Regina K. Fleming, DO,
Department of Clinical Affairs, Baptist University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
Rebecca E. Giusti, DO,
Department of NMM/OMM, WesternU COMP, Pomona, CA, USA
Karen T. Snider, DO, MS, FAAO, FNAOME,
Department of OMM, ATSU-KCOM, Kirksville, MO, USA
Garren P. Gebhardt, DO,
Parsippany, NJ, USA
Ryan Seals, DO,
Department of Academic Affairs, TCOM, Fort Worth, TX, USA
Barbara Zajdel, DO, FAAO,
Department of NMM/OMM, MSUCOM-DMC, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
Kurt Heinking, DO, FAAO,
Department of NMM/OMM, CCOM/MWU, Downers Grove, IL, USA